The Current Situation of Kashmir's Lakes
Kashmir's lakes and wetlands, located in the northwest of India, have always sustained biodiversity, agriculture, tourism, and water security in the valley. However, over the past few decades, these freshwater ecosystems have faced increasing pressures due to pollution, invasion, and rapid urbanization. A recent government audit revealed that almost half (315 out of 697) of the registered lakes in Jammu and Kashmir have disappeared, while another 203 have shrunk, raising concerns about the region's long-term ecological health and water security.
Manzoor Ahmad Wangnoo, an entrepreneur turned conservationist, has spent over two decades trying to reverse the decline of Kashmir's freshwater ecosystem. He has become one of the leading voices in protecting Kashmir's lakes, wetlands, and springs. Through the non-profit organization Nigeen Lake Conservation Organisation (NLCO) and its flagship program Mission Ehsaas, he has helped mobilize residents, volunteers, and government agencies around the restoration of degraded water bodies, including the Khushalsar-Gilsar wetland system, two interconnected urban lakes in the heart of Srinagar.
What's at Stake
Conservation is not just about cleaning up lakes for Wangnoo. It's about restoring a relationship between individuals and nature, a relationship he describes as Ehsaas, a word in Urdu and Kashmiri that means “awareness” or “realization.” This community-based approach is fundamental to the long-term success of conservation, as it involves the local population in the decision-making and action process.
The challenges faced by Kashmir's ecosystems are complex and multifaceted. Pollution, coming from sources such as untreated sewage and industrial waste, is one of the main threats. Additionally, invasion and disordered urbanization have led to the loss of natural habitats and the degradation of water quality.
The Science Behind Conservation
Conserving freshwater ecosystems is essential for maintaining the health and resilience of natural environments. Lakes and wetlands play a crucial role in the water cycle, helping to regulate the amount of water available for agriculture, industry, and human consumption. Furthermore, these ecosystems are vital habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals, many of which are endemic and found only in these environments.
Restoring degraded ecosystems is a complex process that requires a holistic approach, considering not only water quality but also soil health, biodiversity, and the needs of local communities. The NLCO, under Wangnoo's leadership, has adopted an innovative approach, involving the community in all phases of the process, from initial assessment to implementation and monitoring of conservation actions.
Broader Context
The situation of Kashmir's lakes is not unique. Worldwide, freshwater ecosystems face similar challenges due to pollution, invasion, and climate change. The loss of biodiversity and degradation of water quality have direct consequences for human health, the economy, and food security.
However, success stories like that of the NLCO demonstrate that, with determination, collaboration, and a community-based approach, it is possible to reverse the decline of freshwater ecosystems and promote long-term conservation. The experience of Kashmir serves as a model for other regions facing similar challenges, highlighting the importance of community participation and science-based conservation.
What's Next
As the NLCO and other organizations continue to work on restoring Kashmir's lakes and wetlands, it is crucial that the government and other stakeholders provide ongoing support. This includes implementing effective policies to prevent pollution and invasion, as well as investing in environmental education and community empowerment.
Additionally, international collaboration and sharing of knowledge and experiences will be essential for addressing the global challenges faced by freshwater ecosystems. The conservation of Kashmir is not just a local issue but also a contribution to global efforts to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.
Source / Reference
Original URL: https://news.mongabay.com/2026/07/restoring-kashmirs-lakes-one-community-at-a-time-interview-with-manzoor-ahmad-wangnoo/
Source: Mongabay