Introduction
The recent issuance of the environmental license for the exploration of fossil fuels in block FZA-M-59, in the Amazon River Mouth, has generated great controversy among civil society organizations and environmental agencies. Despite the existing flaws in the process, such as the lack of consultation with Indigenous Peoples and Quilombolas and the unknown impacts of oil activity on the Amazonian reef system, IBAMA granted the authorization.
This decision has significant implications for the region, as it may pave the way for the licensing of other areas in the basin. According to IBAMA, the release of the license for Block 59 “tends to facilitate” the path for other blocks in the region.
The Context of Fossil Fuel Exploration in the Amazon River Mouth
Currently, there are 25 areas in the Amazon River Mouth already granted to oil companies. Petrobras holds other five areas auctioned by the National Petroleum, Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP) in 2013. In addition, the Brazilian state-owned company, in partnership with the American ExxonMobil, acquired another ten blocks in the region in the “End of the World Auction” in June 2025.
This expansion of exploratory activity in the region is a clear sign of the government's intention to increase fossil fuel production, despite the negative consequences for the environment and the climate crisis.
Implications for the Environment and Society
The exploration of fossil fuels in the Amazon River Mouth can have devastating impacts on the environment and local communities. The lack of consultation with Indigenous Peoples and Quilombolas is a clear violation of human rights and can lead to social and environmental conflicts.
Furthermore, oil activity can cause irreparable damage to the Amazonian reef system, which is one of the most important marine ecosystems on the planet. The loss of biodiversity and ocean pollution can have long-term consequences for human health and the local economy.
Conclusion
The license of Block 59 is a warning sign for society and environmental agencies. It is essential that measures are taken to protect the environment and local communities, and that more sustainable alternatives for energy generation are considered.
Source / Reference: https://climainfo.org.br/2026/07/07/licenca-do-bloco-59-facilita-processo-para-outras-areas-na-foz-do-amazonas/